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Asphalt Roofing Shingles
Asphalt shingles are the most common roofing materials in use in the US and Canada. That's hardly surprising, since they are reasonably priced, easy to install and have a life expectancy that ranges from 15 to 30 years. The least expensive asphalt shingles are basic three-tab shingles. Architectural shingles typically cost more, but have a more interesting appearance, and are generally guaranteed for longer life.
How are Asphalt Shingles made?
Asphalt shingles are made by layering multiple layers of asphalt on top of a core material. This core is composed of either fiberclass or organic material such as cellulose fibers. Finally, the top of the shingle is embedded with minerals, which not only provide color, but protect the shingle from otherwise damaging ultraviolet rays.
How long do asphalt shingles last?
While asphalt shingles generally last from 15 - 30 years, manufacturer warranties typically only cover the first 15 - 20 years. (Shingles with 25 year warranties are available.) If you want an asphalt shingle that has a 30 - 40 year warranty, you'll need to buy architectural shingles.
Note, however, that shingle warranties do not typically cover the labor costs associated with replacing the shingles, they are typically pro-rated, and they generally exclude so-called "acts of god", such as severe storms.
Common problems with Asphalt Shingles
Sunlight and extreme temperatures can curl and crack asphalt shingles. High winds can literally tear the shingles off your roof. If you only have a single layer of shingles on your roof, you can generally apply a second layer on top of the first. However, if you already have two layers of shingles, you will need to strip down to the roof boards and apply a new layer.
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Asphalt Shingle Ratings
One indication of durability is the American Society for Testing & Materials (ASTM) standard D6432, which measures how well the shingle resists tearing. Fiberglass core shingles often perform more poorly than organic core shingles in these tests.
Asphalt shingles carry A, B or C fire ratings, which indicate how well the shingles will resist an external fire. (Class A provides the greatest fire resisteance.)
Some asphalt shingles carry a "wind resistance" rating to indicate their appropriateness for high-wind situations.
Finally, there are also hail ratings for shingles to indicate their resistance to hail.
Some manufacturers (such as PABCO) mix zinc or copper into the minerals that are embedded on the surface of asphalt shingles. This helps to prevent the growth of algae.
Popular asphalt shingle brands